package bjc.utils.funcutils;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.function.Function;
import java.util.function.Supplier;

import bjc.utils.funcdata.FunctionalList;
import bjc.utils.funcdata.IList;

/**
 * Utilities for manipulating FunctionalLists that don't belong in the class
 * itself.
 *
 * @author ben
 */
public class ListUtils {
	/* The max amount of times to try to partition things. */
	private static final int MAX_NTRIESPART = 50;

	/**
	 * Collapse a string of tokens into a single string without adding any
	 * spaces.
	 *
	 * @param input
	 *        The list of tokens to collapse.
	 *
	 * @return The collapsed string of tokens.
	 */
	public static String collapseTokens(final IList<String> input) {
		if(input == null) throw new NullPointerException("Input must not be null");

		return collapseTokens(input, "");
	}

	/**
	 * Collapse a string of tokens into a single string, adding the desired
	 * separator after each token.
	 *
	 * @param input
	 *        The list of tokens to collapse.
	 *
	 * @param seperator
	 *        The separator to use for separating tokens.
	 *
	 * @return The collapsed string of tokens.
	 */
	public static String collapseTokens(final IList<String> input, final String seperator) {
		if(input == null) {
			throw new NullPointerException("Input must not be null");
		} else if(seperator == null) {
			throw new NullPointerException("Seperator must not be null");
		}

		if(input.getSize() < 1) {
			return "";
		} else if(input.getSize() == 1) {
			return input.first();
		} else {
			final StringBuilder state = new StringBuilder();

			int i = 1;
			for(final String itm : input.toIterable()) {
				state.append(itm);

				if(i != input.getSize()) {
					state.append(seperator);
				}

				i += 1;
			}

			return state.toString();
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Select a number of random items from the list without replacement.
	 *
	 * @param <E>
	 *        The type of items to select.
	 *
	 * @param list
	 *        The list to select from.
	 *
	 * @param number
	 *        The number of items to selet.
	 *
	 * @param rng
	 *        A function that creates a random number from 0 to the desired
	 *        number.
	 *
	 * @return A new list containing the desired number of items randomly
	 *         selected from the specified list without replacement.
	 */
	public static <E> IList<E> drawWithoutReplacement(final IList<E> list, final int number,
			final Function<Integer, Integer> rng) {
		final IList<E> selected = new FunctionalList<>(new ArrayList<>(number));

		final int total = list.getSize();

		final Iterator<E> itr = list.toIterable().iterator();
		E element = null;

		for(final int index = 0; itr.hasNext(); element = itr.next()) {
			/* n - m */
			final int winningChance = number - selected.getSize();

			/* N - t */
			final int totalChance = total - (index - 1);

			/* Probability of selecting the t+1'th element */
			if(NumberUtils.isProbable(winningChance, totalChance, rng)) {
				selected.add(element);
			}
		}

		return selected;
	}

	/**
	 * Select a number of random items from the list, with replacement.
	 *
	 * @param <E>
	 *        The type of items to select.
	 *
	 * @param list
	 *        The list to select from.
	 *
	 * @param number
	 *        The number of items to select.
	 *
	 * @param rng
	 *        A function that creates a random number from 0 to the desired
	 *        number.
	 *
	 * @return A new list containing the desired number of items randomly
	 *         selected from the specified list.
	 */
	public static <E> IList<E> drawWithReplacement(final IList<E> list, final int number,
			final Function<Integer, Integer> rng) {
		final IList<E> selected = new FunctionalList<>(new ArrayList<>(number));

		for(int i = 0; i < number; i++) {
			selected.add(list.randItem(rng));
		}

		return selected;
	}

	/**
	 * Partition a list into a list of lists, where each element can count
	 * for more than one element in a partition.
	 *
	 * @param <E>
	 *        The type of elements in the list to partition.
	 *
	 * @param input
	 *        The list to partition.
	 *
	 * @param counter
	 *        The function to determine the count for each element for.
	 *
	 * @param partitionSize
	 *        The number of elements to put in each partition.
	 *
	 * @return A list partitioned according to the above rules.
	 */
	public static <E> IList<IList<E>> groupPartition(final IList<E> input, final Function<E, Integer> counter,
			final int partitionSize) {
		if(input == null) {
			throw new NullPointerException("Input list must not be null");
		} else if(counter == null) {
			throw new NullPointerException("Counter must not be null");
		} else if(partitionSize < 1 || partitionSize > input.getSize()) {
			final String fmt = "%d is not a valid partition size. Must be between 1 and %d";
			final String msg = String.format(fmt, partitionSize, input.getSize());

			throw new IllegalArgumentException(msg);
		}

		/* List that holds our results. */
		final IList<IList<E>> returned = new FunctionalList<>();

		/* List that holds elements rejected during current pass. */
		final IList<E> rejected = new FunctionalList<>();

		final GroupPartIteration<E> it = new GroupPartIteration<>(returned, rejected, partitionSize, counter);

		/* Run up to a certain number of passes. */
		for(int numberOfIterations = 0; numberOfIterations < MAX_NTRIESPART
				&& !rejected.isEmpty(); numberOfIterations++) {
			input.forEach(it);

			if(rejected.isEmpty()) {
				/* Nothing was rejected, so we're done. */
				return returned;
			}
		}

		final String fmt = "Heuristic (more than %d iterations of partitioning) detected an unpartitionable list. (%s)\nThe following elements were not partitioned: %s\nCurrent group in formation: %s\nPreviously formed groups: %s\n";

		final String msg = String.format(fmt, MAX_NTRIESPART, input.toString(), rejected.toString(),
				it.currentPartition.toString(), returned.toString());

		throw new IllegalArgumentException(msg);
	}

	/**
	 * Merge the contents of a bunch of lists together into a single list.
	 *
	 * @param <E>
	 *        The type of value in this lists.
	 *
	 * @param lists
	 *        The values in the lists to merge.
	 *
	 * @return A list containing all the elements of the lists.
	 */
	@SafeVarargs
	public static <E> IList<E> mergeLists(final IList<E>... lists) {
		final IList<E> returned = new FunctionalList<>();

		for(final IList<E> list : lists) {
			for(final E itm : list.toIterable()) {
				returned.add(itm);
			}
		}

		return returned;
	}

	/**
	 * Pad the provided list out to the desired size.
	 *
	 * @param <E>
	 *        The type of elements in the list.
	 *
	 * @param list
	 *        The list to pad out.
	 *
	 * @param counter
	 *        The function to count elements with.
	 *
	 * @param size
	 *        The desired size of the list.
	 *
	 * @param padder
	 *        The function to get elements to pad with.
	 *
	 * @return The list, padded to the desired size.
	 *
	 * @throws IllegalArgumentException
	 *         If the list couldn't be padded to the desired size.
	 */
	public static <E> IList<E> padList(final IList<E> list, final Function<E, Integer> counter, final int size,
			final Supplier<E> padder) {
		int count = 0;

		final IList<E> returned = new FunctionalList<>();

		for(final E itm : list.toIterable()) {
			count += counter.apply(itm);

			returned.add(itm);
		}

		if(count % size != 0) {
			/* We need to pad */
			int needed = count % size;
			int threshold = 0;

			while(needed > 0 && threshold <= MAX_NTRIESPART) {
				final E val = padder.get();
				final int newCount = counter.apply(val);

				if(newCount <= needed) {
					returned.add(val);

					threshold = 0;

					needed -= newCount;
				} else {
					threshold += 1;
				}
			}

			if(threshold > MAX_NTRIESPART) {
				final String fmt = "Heuristic (more than %d iterations of attempting to pad) detected an unpaddable list. (%s)\nPartially padded list: %S";

				final String msg = String.format(fmt, MAX_NTRIESPART, list.toString(),
						returned.toString());

				throw new IllegalArgumentException(msg);
			}
		}

		return returned;
	}
}