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diff --git a/projects/net.wotonomy.web/src/main/java/net/wotonomy/web/util/BrowserLauncher.java b/projects/net.wotonomy.web/src/main/java/net/wotonomy/web/util/BrowserLauncher.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..777d4a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/projects/net.wotonomy.web/src/main/java/net/wotonomy/web/util/BrowserLauncher.java
@@ -0,0 +1,665 @@
+//package edu.stanford.ejalbert;
+package net.wotonomy.web.util;
+
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
+import java.lang.reflect.Field;
+import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+
+/** <p> BrowserLauncher is a class that provides one static method,
+ * openURL, which opens the default web browser for the current user
+ * of the system to the given URL.  It may support other protocols
+ * depending on the system -- mailto, ftp, etc. -- but that has not
+ * been rigorously tested and is not guaranteed to work. </p>
+ *
+ * <p> Yes, this is platform-specific code, and yes, it may rely on
+ * classes on certain platforms that are not part of the standard JDK.
+ * What we're trying to do, though, is to take something that's
+ * frequently desirable but inherently platform-specific -- opening a
+ * default browser -- and allow programmers (you, for example) to do
+ * so without worrying about dropping into native code or doing
+ * anything else similarly evil. </p>
+ *
+ * <p> Anyway, this code is completely in Java and will run on all JDK
+ * 1.1-compliant systems without modification or a need for additional
+ * libraries.  All classes that are required on certain platforms to
+ * allow this to run are dynamically loaded at runtime via reflection
+ * and, if not found, will not cause this to do anything other than
+ * returning an error when opening the browser. </p>
+ *
+ * <p> There are certain system requirements for this class, as it's
+ * running through Runtime.exec(), which is Java's way of making a
+ * native system call.  Currently, this requires that a Macintosh have
+ * a Finder which supports the GURL event, which is true for Mac OS
+ * 8.0 and 8.1 systems that have the Internet Scripting AppleScript
+ * dictionary installed in the Scripting Additions folder in the
+ * Extensions folder (which is installed by default as far as I know
+ * under Mac OS 8.0 and 8.1), and for all Mac OS 8.5 and later
+ * systems.  On Windows, it only runs under Win32 systems (Windows 95,
+ * 98, and NT 4.0, as well as later versions of all).  On other
+ * systems, this drops back from the inherently platform-sensitive
+ * concept of a default browser and simply attempts to launch Netscape
+ * via a shell command. </p>
+ *
+ * <p> This code is Copyright 1999-2001 by Eric Albert
+ * (ejalbert@cs.stanford.edu) and may be redistributed or modified in
+ * any form without restrictions as long as the portion of this
+ * comment from this paragraph through the end of the comment is not
+ * removed.  The author requests that he be notified of any
+ * application, applet, or other binary that makes use of this code,
+ * but that's more out of curiosity than anything and is not required.
+ * This software includes no warranty.  The author is not repsonsible
+ * for any loss of data or functionality or any adverse or unexpected
+ * effects of using this software. </p>
+ *
+ * Credits: <br> Steven Spencer, JavaWorld magazine (<a
+ * href="http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/javatips/jw-javatip66.html">Java
+ * Tip 66</a>) <br> Thanks also to Ron B. Yeh, Eric Shapiro, Ben
+ * Engber, Paul Teitlebaum, Andrea Cantatore, Larry Barowski, Trevor
+ * Bedzek, Frank Miedrich, and Ron Rabakukk
+ *
+ *
+ * original author Eric Albert (<a
+ * href="mailto:ejalbert@cs.stanford.edu">ejalbert@cs.stanford.edu</a>)
+ * author's version 1.4b1 (Released June 20, 2001)
+ * @author Copyright 2001, Intersect Software Corporation
+ * @version $Revision: 905 $ $Date: 2006-02-18 20:44:03 -0500 (Sat, 18 Feb 2006) $
+ */
+
+public class BrowserLauncher {
+    /** The Java virtual machine that we are running on.  Actually, in
+     * most cases we only care about the operating system, but some
+     * operating systems require us to switch on the VM. */
+    private static int jvm;
+
+    /** The browser for the system */
+    private static Object browser;
+
+    /** Caches whether any classes, methods, and fields that are not
+     * part of the JDK and need to be dynamically loaded at runtime
+     * loaded successfully.  <p> Note that if this is
+     * <code>false</code>, <code>openURL()</code> will always return
+     * an IOException.  */
+    private static boolean loadedWithoutErrors;
+
+    /** The com.apple.mrj.MRJFileUtils class */
+    private static Class mrjFileUtilsClass;
+
+    /** The com.apple.mrj.MRJOSType class */
+    private static Class mrjOSTypeClass;
+
+    /** The com.apple.MacOS.AEDesc class */
+    private static Class aeDescClass;
+
+    /** The <init>(int) method of com.apple.MacOS.AETarget */
+    private static Constructor aeTargetConstructor;
+
+    /** The <init>(int, int, int) method of com.apple.MacOS.AppleEvent */
+    private static Constructor appleEventConstructor;
+
+    /** The <init>(String) method of com.apple.MacOS.AEDesc */
+    private static Constructor aeDescConstructor;
+
+    /** The findFolder method of com.apple.mrj.MRJFileUtils */
+    private static Method findFolder;
+
+    /** The getFileCreator method of com.apple.mrj.MRJFileUtils */
+    private static Method getFileCreator;
+
+    /** The getFileType method of com.apple.mrj.MRJFileUtils */
+    private static Method getFileType;
+
+    /** The openURL method of com.apple.mrj.MRJFileUtils */
+    private static Method openURL;
+
+    /** The makeOSType method of com.apple.MacOS.OSUtils */
+    private static Method makeOSType;
+
+    /** The putParameter method of com.apple.MacOS.AppleEvent */
+    private static Method putParameter;
+
+    /** The sendNoReply method of com.apple.MacOS.AppleEvent */
+    private static Method sendNoReply;
+
+    /** Actually an MRJOSType pointing to the System Folder on a Macintosh */
+    private static Object kSystemFolderType;
+
+    /** The keyDirectObject AppleEvent parameter type */
+    private static Integer keyDirectObject;
+
+    /** The kAutoGenerateReturnID AppleEvent code */
+    private static Integer kAutoGenerateReturnID;
+
+    /** The kAnyTransactionID AppleEvent code */
+    private static Integer kAnyTransactionID;
+
+    /** The linkage object required for JDirect 3 on Mac OS X. */
+    private static Object linkage;
+
+    /** The framework to reference on Mac OS X */
+    private static final String JDirect_MacOSX = "/System/Library/Frameworks/Carbon.framework/Frameworks/HIToolbox.framework/HIToolbox";
+
+    /** JVM constant for MRJ 2.0 */
+    private static final int MRJ_2_0 = 0;
+
+    /** JVM constant for MRJ 2.1 or later */
+    private static final int MRJ_2_1 = 1;
+
+    /** JVM constant for Java on Mac OS X 10.0 (MRJ 3.0) */
+    private static final int MRJ_3_0 = 3;
+
+    /** JVM constant for MRJ 3.1 */
+    private static final int MRJ_3_1 = 4;
+
+    /** JVM constant for any Windows NT JVM */
+    private static final int WINDOWS_NT = 5;
+
+    /** JVM constant for any Windows 9x JVM */
+    private static final int WINDOWS_9x = 6;
+
+    /** JVM constant for any other platform */
+    private static final int OTHER = -1;
+
+    /** The file type of the Finder on a Macintosh.  Hardcoding
+     * "Finder" would keep non-U.S. English systems from working
+     * properly.  */
+    private static final String FINDER_TYPE = "FNDR";
+
+    /** The creator code of the Finder on a Macintosh, which is needed
+     * to send AppleEvents to the application.  */
+    private static final String FINDER_CREATOR = "MACS";
+
+    /** The name for the AppleEvent type corresponding to a GetURL event. */
+    private static final String GURL_EVENT = "GURL";
+
+    /** The first parameter that needs to be passed into
+     * Runtime.exec() to open the default web browser on Windows.  */
+    private static final String FIRST_WINDOWS_PARAMETER = "/c";
+
+    /** The second parameter for Runtime.exec() on Windows. */
+    private static final String SECOND_WINDOWS_PARAMETER = "start";
+
+    /** The third parameter for Runtime.exec() on Windows.  This is a
+     * "title" parameter that the command line expects.  Setting this
+     * parameter allows URLs containing spaces to work.  */
+    private static final String THIRD_WINDOWS_PARAMETER = "\"\"";
+
+    /** The shell parameters for Netscape that opens a given URL in an
+     * already-open copy of Netscape on many command-line systems.  */
+    private static final String NETSCAPE_REMOTE_PARAMETER = "-remote";
+    //private static final String NETSCAPE_OPEN_PARAMETER_START = "'openURL(";
+    //private static final String NETSCAPE_OPEN_PARAMETER_END = ")'";
+    private static final String NETSCAPE_OPEN_PARAMETER_START = "openURL(";
+    private static final String NETSCAPE_OPEN_PARAMETER_END = ")";
+
+    /** The message from any exception thrown throughout the
+     * initialization process.  */
+    private static String errorMessage;
+
+    /** An initialization block that determines the operating system
+     * and loads the necessary runtime data.  */
+    static {
+        loadedWithoutErrors = true;
+        String osName = System.getProperty("os.name");
+        if (osName.startsWith("Mac OS")) {
+            String mrjVersion = System.getProperty("mrj.version");
+            String majorMRJVersion = mrjVersion.substring(0, 3);
+            try {
+                double version = Double.valueOf(majorMRJVersion).doubleValue();
+                if (version == 2) {
+                    jvm = MRJ_2_0;
+                } else if (version >= 2.1 && version < 3) {
+                    // Assume that all 2.x versions of MRJ work the
+                    // same.  MRJ 2.1 actually works via
+                    // Runtime.exec() and 2.2 supports that but has an
+                    // openURL() method as well that we currently
+                    // ignore.
+                    jvm = MRJ_2_1;
+                } else if (version == 3.0) {
+                    jvm = MRJ_3_0;
+                } else if (version >= 3.1) {
+                    // Assume that all 3.1 and later versions of MRJ
+                    // work the same.
+                    jvm = MRJ_3_1;
+                } else {
+                    loadedWithoutErrors = false;
+                    errorMessage = "Unsupported MRJ version: " + version;
+                }
+            } catch (NumberFormatException nfe) {
+                loadedWithoutErrors = false;
+                errorMessage = "Invalid MRJ version: " + mrjVersion;
+            }
+        } else if (osName.startsWith("Windows")) {
+            if (osName.indexOf("9") != -1) {
+                jvm = WINDOWS_9x;
+            } else {
+                jvm = WINDOWS_NT;
+            }
+        } else {
+            jvm = OTHER;
+        }
+
+        if (loadedWithoutErrors) {	// if we haven't hit any errors yet
+            loadedWithoutErrors = loadClasses();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** This class should be never be instantiated; this just ensures so. */
+    private BrowserLauncher() { }
+
+    /** Called by a static initializer to load any classes, fields,
+     * and methods required at runtime to locate the user's web
+     * browser.
+     * @return <code>true</code> if all intialization succeeded
+     * <code>false</code> if any portion of the initialization failed */
+    private static boolean loadClasses() {
+        switch (jvm) {
+        case MRJ_2_0:
+            try {
+                Class aeTargetClass = Class.forName("com.apple.MacOS.AETarget");
+                Class osUtilsClass = Class.forName("com.apple.MacOS.OSUtils");
+                Class appleEventClass = Class.forName
+                    ("com.apple.MacOS.AppleEvent");
+                Class aeClass = Class.forName("com.apple.MacOS.ae");
+                aeDescClass = Class.forName("com.apple.MacOS.AEDesc");
+
+                aeTargetConstructor = aeTargetClass.getDeclaredConstructor
+                    (new Class [] { int.class });
+                appleEventConstructor = appleEventClass.getDeclaredConstructor
+                    (new Class[] { int.class, int.class, aeTargetClass,
+                                   int.class, int.class });
+                aeDescConstructor = aeDescClass.getDeclaredConstructor
+                    (new Class[] { String.class });
+
+                makeOSType = osUtilsClass.getDeclaredMethod
+                    ("makeOSType", new Class [] { String.class });
+                putParameter = appleEventClass.getDeclaredMethod
+                    ("putParameter", new Class[] { int.class, aeDescClass });
+                sendNoReply = appleEventClass.getDeclaredMethod
+                    ("sendNoReply", new Class[] { });
+
+                Field keyDirectObjectField = aeClass.getDeclaredField
+                    ("keyDirectObject");
+                keyDirectObject = (Integer) keyDirectObjectField.get(null);
+                Field autoGenerateReturnIDField = appleEventClass
+                    .getDeclaredField("kAutoGenerateReturnID");
+                kAutoGenerateReturnID = (Integer) autoGenerateReturnIDField
+                    .get(null);
+                Field anyTransactionIDField = appleEventClass.getDeclaredField
+                    ("kAnyTransactionID");
+                kAnyTransactionID = (Integer) anyTransactionIDField.get(null);
+            } catch (ClassNotFoundException cnfe) {
+                errorMessage = cnfe.getMessage();
+                return false;
+            } catch (NoSuchMethodException nsme) {
+                errorMessage = nsme.getMessage();
+                return false;
+            } catch (NoSuchFieldException nsfe) {
+                errorMessage = nsfe.getMessage();
+                return false;
+            } catch (IllegalAccessException iae) {
+                errorMessage = iae.getMessage();
+                return false;
+            }
+            break;
+        case MRJ_2_1:
+            try {
+                mrjFileUtilsClass = Class.forName("com.apple.mrj.MRJFileUtils");
+                mrjOSTypeClass = Class.forName("com.apple.mrj.MRJOSType");
+                Field systemFolderField = mrjFileUtilsClass.getDeclaredField
+                    ("kSystemFolderType");
+                kSystemFolderType = systemFolderField.get(null);
+                findFolder = mrjFileUtilsClass.getDeclaredMethod
+                    ("findFolder", new Class[] { mrjOSTypeClass });
+                getFileCreator = mrjFileUtilsClass.getDeclaredMethod
+                    ("getFileCreator", new Class[] { File.class });
+                getFileType = mrjFileUtilsClass.getDeclaredMethod
+                    ("getFileType", new Class[] { File.class });
+            } catch (ClassNotFoundException cnfe) {
+                errorMessage = cnfe.getMessage();
+                return false;
+            } catch (NoSuchFieldException nsfe) {
+                errorMessage = nsfe.getMessage();
+                return false;
+            } catch (NoSuchMethodException nsme) {
+                errorMessage = nsme.getMessage();
+                return false;
+            } catch (SecurityException se) {
+                errorMessage = se.getMessage();
+                return false;
+            } catch (IllegalAccessException iae) {
+                errorMessage = iae.getMessage();
+                return false;
+            }
+            break;
+        case MRJ_3_0:
+            try {
+                Class linker = Class.forName("com.apple.mrj.jdirect.Linker");
+                Constructor constructor = linker.getConstructor
+                    (new Class[]{ Class.class });
+                linkage = constructor.newInstance(new Object[]
+                    { BrowserLauncher.class });
+            } catch (ClassNotFoundException cnfe) {
+                errorMessage = cnfe.getMessage();
+                return false;
+            } catch (NoSuchMethodException nsme) {
+                errorMessage = nsme.getMessage();
+                return false;
+            } catch (InvocationTargetException ite) {
+                errorMessage = ite.getMessage();
+                return false;
+            } catch (InstantiationException ie) {
+                errorMessage = ie.getMessage();
+                return false;
+            } catch (IllegalAccessException iae) {
+                errorMessage = iae.getMessage();
+                return false;
+            }
+            break;
+        case MRJ_3_1:
+            try {
+                mrjFileUtilsClass = Class.forName("com.apple.mrj.MRJFileUtils");
+                openURL = mrjFileUtilsClass.getDeclaredMethod
+                    ("openURL", new Class[] { String.class });
+            } catch (ClassNotFoundException cnfe) {
+                errorMessage = cnfe.getMessage();
+                return false;
+            } catch (NoSuchMethodException nsme) {
+                errorMessage = nsme.getMessage();
+                return false;
+            }
+            break;
+        default:
+            break;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /** Attempts to locate the default web browser on the local
+     * system.  Caches results so it only locates the browser once *
+     * for each use of this class per JVM instance.
+     * @return The browser for the system.  Note that this may not be
+     * what you would consider to be a standard web browser; instead,
+     * it's the application that gets called to open the default web
+     * browser.  In some cases, this will be a non-String object that
+     * provides the means of calling the default browser. */
+    private static Object locateBrowser() {
+        if (browser != null) {
+            return browser;
+        }
+        switch (jvm) {
+        case MRJ_2_0:
+            try {
+                Integer finderCreatorCode = (Integer) makeOSType.invoke
+                    (null, new Object[] { FINDER_CREATOR });
+                Object aeTarget = aeTargetConstructor.newInstance
+                    (new Object[] { finderCreatorCode });
+                Integer gurlType = (Integer) makeOSType.invoke
+                    (null, new Object[] { GURL_EVENT });
+                Object appleEvent = appleEventConstructor.newInstance
+                    (new Object[] { gurlType, gurlType, aeTarget,
+                                    kAutoGenerateReturnID, kAnyTransactionID });
+                // Don't set browser = appleEvent because then the
+                // next time we call locateBrowser(), we'll get the
+                // same AppleEvent, to which we'll already have added
+                // the relevant parameter. Instead, regenerate the
+                // AppleEvent every time.  There's probably a way to
+                // do this better; if any has any ideas, please let me
+                // know.
+                return appleEvent;
+            } catch (IllegalAccessException iae) {
+                browser = null;
+                errorMessage = iae.getMessage();
+                return browser;
+            } catch (InstantiationException ie) {
+                browser = null;
+                errorMessage = ie.getMessage();
+                return browser;
+            } catch (InvocationTargetException ite) {
+                browser = null;
+                errorMessage = ite.getMessage();
+                return browser;
+            }
+        case MRJ_2_1:
+            File systemFolder;
+            try {
+                systemFolder = (File) findFolder.invoke(null, new Object[]
+                    { kSystemFolderType });
+            } catch (IllegalArgumentException iare) {
+                browser = null;
+                errorMessage = iare.getMessage();
+                return browser;
+            } catch (IllegalAccessException iae) {
+                browser = null;
+                errorMessage = iae.getMessage();
+                return browser;
+            } catch (InvocationTargetException ite) {
+                browser = null;
+                errorMessage = ite.getTargetException().getClass() + ": " +
+                    ite.getTargetException().getMessage();
+                return browser;
+            }
+            String[] systemFolderFiles = systemFolder.list();
+            // Avoid a FilenameFilter because that can't be stopped mid-list
+            for(int i = 0; i < systemFolderFiles.length; i++) {
+                try {
+                    File file = new File(systemFolder, systemFolderFiles[i]);
+                    if (!file.isFile()) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    // We're looking for a file with a creator code of
+                    // 'MACS' and a type of 'FNDR'.  Only requiring
+                    // the type results in non-Finder applications
+                    // being picked up on certain Mac OS 9 systems,
+                    // especially German ones, and sending a GURL
+                    // event to those applications results in a logout
+                    // under Multiple Users.
+                    Object fileType = getFileType.invoke
+                        (null, new Object[] { file });
+                    if (FINDER_TYPE.equals(fileType.toString())) {
+                        Object fileCreator = getFileCreator.invoke
+                            (null, new Object[] { file });
+                        if (FINDER_CREATOR.equals(fileCreator.toString())) {
+                            browser = file.toString(); // Actually the
+                            // Finder, but that's OK
+                            return browser;
+                        }
+                    }
+                } catch (IllegalArgumentException iare) {
+                    //WTF? browser = browser;
+                    errorMessage = iare.getMessage();
+                    return null;
+                } catch (IllegalAccessException iae) {
+                    browser = null;
+                    errorMessage = iae.getMessage();
+                    return browser;
+                } catch (InvocationTargetException ite) {
+                    browser = null;
+                    errorMessage = ite.getTargetException().getClass() + ": "
+                        + ite.getTargetException().getMessage();
+                    return browser;
+                }
+            }
+            browser = null;
+            break;
+        case MRJ_3_0:
+        case MRJ_3_1:
+            browser = "";	// Return something non-null
+            break;
+        case WINDOWS_NT:
+            browser = "cmd.exe";
+            break;
+        case WINDOWS_9x:
+            browser = "command.com";
+            break;
+        case OTHER:
+        default:
+            browser = "netscape";
+            break;
+        }
+        return browser;
+    }
+
+    /** Attempts to open the default web browser to the given URL.
+     * @param url The URL to open
+     * @throws IOException If the web browser could not be located or
+     * does not run */
+    public static void openURL(String url) throws IOException {
+        if (!loadedWithoutErrors) {
+            throw new IOException("Exception in finding browser: "
+                                  + errorMessage);
+        }
+        Object browser = locateBrowser();
+        if (browser == null) {
+            throw new IOException("Unable to locate browser: " + errorMessage);
+        }
+
+        switch (jvm) {
+        case MRJ_2_0:
+            Object aeDesc = null;
+            try {
+                aeDesc = aeDescConstructor.newInstance(new Object[] { url });
+                putParameter.invoke(browser, new Object[]
+                    { keyDirectObject, aeDesc });
+                sendNoReply.invoke(browser, new Object[] { });
+            } catch (InvocationTargetException ite) {
+                throw new IOException("InvocationTargetException while creating"
+                                      +" AEDesc: " + ite.getMessage());
+            } catch (IllegalAccessException iae) {
+                throw new IOException("IllegalAccessException while building "
+                                      + "AppleEvent: " + iae.getMessage());
+            } catch (InstantiationException ie) {
+                throw new IOException("InstantiationException while creating "
+                                      + "AEDesc: " + ie.getMessage());
+            } finally {
+                aeDesc = null; // Encourage it to get disposed if it
+                // was created
+                browser = null;	// Ditto
+            }
+            break;
+        case MRJ_2_1:
+            Runtime.getRuntime().exec(new String[] { (String) browser, url } );
+            break;
+        case MRJ_3_0:
+            int[] instance = new int[1];
+            int result = ICStart(instance, 0);
+            if (result == 0) {
+                int[] selectionStart = new int[] { 0 };
+                byte[] urlBytes = url.getBytes();
+                int[] selectionEnd = new int[] { urlBytes.length };
+                result = ICLaunchURL(instance[0], new byte[] { 0 }, urlBytes,
+                urlBytes.length, selectionStart,
+                selectionEnd);
+                if (result == 0) {
+                    // Ignore the return value; the URL was launched
+                    // successfully regardless of what happens here.
+                    ICStop(instance);
+                } else {
+                    throw new IOException("Unable to launch URL: " + result);
+                }
+            } else {
+                throw new IOException("Unable to create an Internet Config "
+                                      + "instance: " + result);
+            }
+            break;
+        case MRJ_3_1:
+            try {
+                openURL.invoke(null, new Object[] { url });
+            } catch (InvocationTargetException ite) {
+                throw new IOException("InvocationTargetException while calling "
+                                      + "openURL: " + ite.getMessage());
+            } catch (IllegalAccessException iae) {
+                throw new IOException("IllegalAccessException while calling "
+                                      + "openURL: " + iae.getMessage());
+            }
+            break;
+        case WINDOWS_NT:
+            // Add quotes around the URL to allow ampersands and other special
+            // characters to work.
+            Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(new String[]
+                { (String) browser, FIRST_WINDOWS_PARAMETER,
+                  SECOND_WINDOWS_PARAMETER, THIRD_WINDOWS_PARAMETER,
+                  '"' + url + '"' });
+            // This avoids a memory leak on some versions of Java on
+            // Windows.  That's hinted at in
+            // <http://developer.java.sun.com/developer/qow/archive/68/>.
+            try {
+                process.waitFor();
+                process.exitValue();
+            } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
+                throw new IOException("InterruptedException while launching "
+                                      + "browser: " + ie.getMessage());
+            }
+            break;
+        case WINDOWS_9x:
+            // Add quotes around the URL to allow ampersands and other special
+            // characters to work.
+            // Note: windows 98 doesn't expect the THIRD_WINDOWS_PARAMETER for
+            // its title.
+            process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(new String[]
+                { (String) browser, FIRST_WINDOWS_PARAMETER,
+                  SECOND_WINDOWS_PARAMETER, '"' + url + '"' });
+            // This avoids a memory leak on some versions of Java on
+            // Windows.  That's hinted at in
+            // <http://developer.java.sun.com/developer/qow/archive/68/>.
+            try {
+                process.waitFor();
+                process.exitValue();
+            } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
+                throw new IOException("InterruptedException while launching "
+                                      + "browser: " + ie.getMessage());
+            }
+            break;
+        case OTHER:
+            // Assume that we're on Unix and that Netscape is installed
+
+            // First, attempt to open the URL in a currently running
+            // session of Netscape
+            process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(new String[]
+                {(String)browser, NETSCAPE_REMOTE_PARAMETER,
+                 NETSCAPE_OPEN_PARAMETER_START + url +
+                 NETSCAPE_OPEN_PARAMETER_END });
+            try {
+                int exitCode = process.waitFor();
+                if (exitCode != 0) {	// if the command had an error
+                    Runtime.getRuntime().exec(new String[]
+                        { (String) browser, url } );
+                } else if(process.getErrorStream() != null) {
+                    // Netscape may not be open, so the command may not have an
+                    // error, it just wouldn't have a process to attach to...
+                    BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader
+                        (new InputStreamReader(process.getErrorStream()));
+                    String errorStr = reader.readLine();
+
+                    if (  errorStr != null ) {
+                        // Command failed, start up the browser
+                        process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(new String[] {
+                            (String) browser, url });
+                    }
+                }
+            } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
+                throw new IOException("InterruptedException while launching "
+                                      + "browser: " + ie.getMessage());
+            }
+            break;
+        default:
+            // This should never occur, but if it does, we'll try the
+            // simplest thing possible
+            Runtime.getRuntime().exec(new String[] { (String) browser, url });
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Methods required for Mac OS X.  The presence of native methods
+     * does not cause any problems on other platforms.  */
+    private native static int ICStart(int[] instance, int signature);
+    private native static int ICStop(int[] instance);
+    private native static int ICLaunchURL
+        (int instance, byte[] hint, byte[] data, int len, int[] selectionStart,
+         int[] selectionEnd);
+}
+