path: root/projects/net.wotonomy.web/src/main/java/net/wotonomy/web/util/BrowserLauncher.java

//package edu.stanford.ejalbert;
package net.wotonomy.web.util;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

/** <p> BrowserLauncher is a class that provides one static method,
 * openURL, which opens the default web browser for the current user
 * of the system to the given URL.  It may support other protocols
 * depending on the system -- mailto, ftp, etc. -- but that has not
 * been rigorously tested and is not guaranteed to work. </p>
 *
 * <p> Yes, this is platform-specific code, and yes, it may rely on
 * classes on certain platforms that are not part of the standard JDK.
 * What we're trying to do, though, is to take something that's
 * frequently desirable but inherently platform-specific -- opening a
 * default browser -- and allow programmers (you, for example) to do
 * so without worrying about dropping into native code or doing
 * anything else similarly evil. </p>
 *
 * <p> Anyway, this code is completely in Java and will run on all JDK
 * 1.1-compliant systems without modification or a need for additional
 * libraries.  All classes that are required on certain platforms to
 * allow this to run are dynamically loaded at runtime via reflection
 * and, if not found, will not cause this to do anything other than
 * returning an error when opening the browser. </p>
 *
 * <p> There are certain system requirements for this class, as it's
 * running through Runtime.exec(), which is Java's way of making a
 * native system call.  Currently, this requires that a Macintosh have
 * a Finder which supports the GURL event, which is true for Mac OS
 * 8.0 and 8.1 systems that have the Internet Scripting AppleScript
 * dictionary installed in the Scripting Additions folder in the
 * Extensions folder (which is installed by default as far as I know
 * under Mac OS 8.0 and 8.1), and for all Mac OS 8.5 and later
 * systems.  On Windows, it only runs under Win32 systems (Windows 95,
 * 98, and NT 4.0, as well as later versions of all).  On other
 * systems, this drops back from the inherently platform-sensitive
 * concept of a default browser and simply attempts to launch Netscape
 * via a shell command. </p>
 *
 * <p> This code is Copyright 1999-2001 by Eric Albert
 * (ejalbert@cs.stanford.edu) and may be redistributed or modified in
 * any form without restrictions as long as the portion of this
 * comment from this paragraph through the end of the comment is not
 * removed.  The author requests that he be notified of any
 * application, applet, or other binary that makes use of this code,
 * but that's more out of curiosity than anything and is not required.
 * This software includes no warranty.  The author is not repsonsible
 * for any loss of data or functionality or any adverse or unexpected
 * effects of using this software. </p>
 *
 * Credits: <br> Steven Spencer, JavaWorld magazine (<a
 * href="http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/javatips/jw-javatip66.html">Java
 * Tip 66</a>) <br> Thanks also to Ron B. Yeh, Eric Shapiro, Ben
 * Engber, Paul Teitlebaum, Andrea Cantatore, Larry Barowski, Trevor
 * Bedzek, Frank Miedrich, and Ron Rabakukk
 *
 *
 * original author Eric Albert (<a
 * href="mailto:ejalbert@cs.stanford.edu">ejalbert@cs.stanford.edu</a>)
 * author's version 1.4b1 (Released June 20, 2001)
 * @author Copyright 2001, Intersect Software Corporation
 * @version $Revision: 905 $ $Date: 2006-02-18 20:44:03 -0500 (Sat, 18 Feb 2006) $
 */

public class BrowserLauncher {
    /** The Java virtual machine that we are running on.  Actually, in
     * most cases we only care about the operating system, but some
     * operating systems require us to switch on the VM. */
    private static int jvm;

    /** The browser for the system */
    private static Object browser;

    /** Caches whether any classes, methods, and fields that are not
     * part of the JDK and need to be dynamically loaded at runtime
     * loaded successfully.  <p> Note that if this is
     * <code>false</code>, <code>openURL()</code> will always return
     * an IOException.  */
    private static boolean loadedWithoutErrors;

    /** The com.apple.mrj.MRJFileUtils class */
    private static Class mrjFileUtilsClass;

    /** The com.apple.mrj.MRJOSType class */
    private static Class mrjOSTypeClass;

    /** The com.apple.MacOS.AEDesc class */
    private static Class aeDescClass;

    /** The <init>(int) method of com.apple.MacOS.AETarget */
    private static Constructor aeTargetConstructor;

    /** The <init>(int, int, int) method of com.apple.MacOS.AppleEvent */
    private static Constructor appleEventConstructor;

    /** The <init>(String) method of com.apple.MacOS.AEDesc */
    private static Constructor aeDescConstructor;

    /** The findFolder method of com.apple.mrj.MRJFileUtils */
    private static Method findFolder;

    /** The getFileCreator method of com.apple.mrj.MRJFileUtils */
    private static Method getFileCreator;

    /** The getFileType method of com.apple.mrj.MRJFileUtils */
    private static Method getFileType;

    /** The openURL method of com.apple.mrj.MRJFileUtils */
    private static Method openURL;

    /** The makeOSType method of com.apple.MacOS.OSUtils */
    private static Method makeOSType;

    /** The putParameter method of com.apple.MacOS.AppleEvent */
    private static Method putParameter;

    /** The sendNoReply method of com.apple.MacOS.AppleEvent */
    private static Method sendNoReply;

    /** Actually an MRJOSType pointing to the System Folder on a Macintosh */
    private static Object kSystemFolderType;

    /** The keyDirectObject AppleEvent parameter type */
    private static Integer keyDirectObject;

    /** The kAutoGenerateReturnID AppleEvent code */
    private static Integer kAutoGenerateReturnID;

    /** The kAnyTransactionID AppleEvent code */
    private static Integer kAnyTransactionID;

    /** The linkage object required for JDirect 3 on Mac OS X. */
    private static Object linkage;

    /** The framework to reference on Mac OS X */
    private static final String JDirect_MacOSX = "/System/Library/Frameworks/Carbon.framework/Frameworks/HIToolbox.framework/HIToolbox";

    /** JVM constant for MRJ 2.0 */
    private static final int MRJ_2_0 = 0;

    /** JVM constant for MRJ 2.1 or later */
    private static final int MRJ_2_1 = 1;

    /** JVM constant for Java on Mac OS X 10.0 (MRJ 3.0) */
    private static final int MRJ_3_0 = 3;

    /** JVM constant for MRJ 3.1 */
    private static final int MRJ_3_1 = 4;

    /** JVM constant for any Windows NT JVM */
    private static final int WINDOWS_NT = 5;

    /** JVM constant for any Windows 9x JVM */
    private static final int WINDOWS_9x = 6;

    /** JVM constant for any other platform */
    private static final int OTHER = -1;

    /** The file type of the Finder on a Macintosh.  Hardcoding
     * "Finder" would keep non-U.S. English systems from working
     * properly.  */
    private static final String FINDER_TYPE = "FNDR";

    /** The creator code of the Finder on a Macintosh, which is needed
     * to send AppleEvents to the application.  */
    private static final String FINDER_CREATOR = "MACS";

    /** The name for the AppleEvent type corresponding to a GetURL event. */
    private static final String GURL_EVENT = "GURL";

    /** The first parameter that needs to be passed into
     * Runtime.exec() to open the default web browser on Windows.  */
    private static final String FIRST_WINDOWS_PARAMETER = "/c";

    /** The second parameter for Runtime.exec() on Windows. */
    private static final String SECOND_WINDOWS_PARAMETER = "start";

    /** The third parameter for Runtime.exec() on Windows.  This is a
     * "title" parameter that the command line expects.  Setting this
     * parameter allows URLs containing spaces to work.  */
    private static final String THIRD_WINDOWS_PARAMETER = "\"\"";

    /** The shell parameters for Netscape that opens a given URL in an
     * already-open copy of Netscape on many command-line systems.  */
    private static final String NETSCAPE_REMOTE_PARAMETER = "-remote";
    //private static final String NETSCAPE_OPEN_PARAMETER_START = "'openURL(";
    //private static final String NETSCAPE_OPEN_PARAMETER_END = ")'";
    private static final String NETSCAPE_OPEN_PARAMETER_START = "openURL(";
    private static final String NETSCAPE_OPEN_PARAMETER_END = ")";

    /** The message from any exception thrown throughout the
     * initialization process.  */
    private static String errorMessage;

    /** An initialization block that determines the operating system
     * and loads the necessary runtime data.  */
    static {
        loadedWithoutErrors = true;
        String osName = System.getProperty("os.name");
        if (osName.startsWith("Mac OS")) {
            String mrjVersion = System.getProperty("mrj.version");
            String majorMRJVersion = mrjVersion.substring(0, 3);
            try {
                double version = Double.valueOf(majorMRJVersion).doubleValue();
                if (version == 2) {
                    jvm = MRJ_2_0;
                } else if (version >= 2.1 && version < 3) {
                    // Assume that all 2.x versions of MRJ work the
                    // same.  MRJ 2.1 actually works via
                    // Runtime.exec() and 2.2 supports that but has an
                    // openURL() method as well that we currently
                    // ignore.
                    jvm = MRJ_2_1;
                } else if (version == 3.0) {
                    jvm = MRJ_3_0;
                } else if (version >= 3.1) {
                    // Assume that all 3.1 and later versions of MRJ
                    // work the same.
                    jvm = MRJ_3_1;
                } else {
                    loadedWithoutErrors = false;
                    errorMessage = "Unsupported MRJ version: " + version;
                }
            } catch (NumberFormatException nfe) {
                loadedWithoutErrors = false;
                errorMessage = "Invalid MRJ version: " + mrjVersion;
            }
        } else if (osName.startsWith("Windows")) {
            if (osName.indexOf("9") != -1) {
                jvm = WINDOWS_9x;
            } else {
                jvm = WINDOWS_NT;
            }
        } else {
            jvm = OTHER;
        }

        if (loadedWithoutErrors) {	// if we haven't hit any errors yet
            loadedWithoutErrors = loadClasses();
        }
    }

    /** This class should be never be instantiated; this just ensures so. */
    private BrowserLauncher() { }

    /** Called by a static initializer to load any classes, fields,
     * and methods required at runtime to locate the user's web
     * browser.
     * @return <code>true</code> if all intialization succeeded
     * <code>false</code> if any portion of the initialization failed */
    private static boolean loadClasses() {
        switch (jvm) {
        case MRJ_2_0:
            try {
                Class aeTargetClass = Class.forName("com.apple.MacOS.AETarget");
                Class osUtilsClass = Class.forName("com.apple.MacOS.OSUtils");
                Class appleEventClass = Class.forName
                    ("com.apple.MacOS.AppleEvent");
                Class aeClass = Class.forName("com.apple.MacOS.ae");
                aeDescClass = Class.forName("com.apple.MacOS.AEDesc");

                aeTargetConstructor = aeTargetClass.getDeclaredConstructor
                    (new Class [] { int.class });
                appleEventConstructor = appleEventClass.getDeclaredConstructor
                    (new Class[] { int.class, int.class, aeTargetClass,
                                   int.class, int.class });
                aeDescConstructor = aeDescClass.getDeclaredConstructor
                    (new Class[] { String.class });

                makeOSType = osUtilsClass.getDeclaredMethod
                    ("makeOSType", new Class [] { String.class });
                putParameter = appleEventClass.getDeclaredMethod
                    ("putParameter", new Class[] { int.class, aeDescClass });
                sendNoReply = appleEventClass.getDeclaredMethod
                    ("sendNoReply", new Class[] { });

                Field keyDirectObjectField = aeClass.getDeclaredField
                    ("keyDirectObject");
                keyDirectObject = (Integer) keyDirectObjectField.get(null);
                Field autoGenerateReturnIDField = appleEventClass
                    .getDeclaredField("kAutoGenerateReturnID");
                kAutoGenerateReturnID = (Integer) autoGenerateReturnIDField
                    .get(null);
                Field anyTransactionIDField = appleEventClass.getDeclaredField
                    ("kAnyTransactionID");
                kAnyTransactionID = (Integer) anyTransactionIDField.get(null);
            } catch (ClassNotFoundException cnfe) {
                errorMessage = cnfe.getMessage();
                return false;
            } catch (NoSuchMethodException nsme) {
                errorMessage = nsme.getMessage();
                return false;
            } catch (NoSuchFieldException nsfe) {
                errorMessage = nsfe.getMessage();
                return false;
            } catch (IllegalAccessException iae) {
                errorMessage = iae.getMessage();
                return false;
            }
            break;
        case MRJ_2_1:
            try {
                mrjFileUtilsClass = Class.forName("com.apple.mrj.MRJFileUtils");
                mrjOSTypeClass = Class.forName("com.apple.mrj.MRJOSType");
                Field systemFolderField = mrjFileUtilsClass.getDeclaredField
                    ("kSystemFolderType");
                kSystemFolderType = systemFolderField.get(null);
                findFolder = mrjFileUtilsClass.getDeclaredMethod
                    ("findFolder", new Class[] { mrjOSTypeClass });
                getFileCreator = mrjFileUtilsClass.getDeclaredMethod
                    ("getFileCreator", new Class[] { File.class });
                getFileType = mrjFileUtilsClass.getDeclaredMethod
                    ("getFileType", new Class[] { File.class });
            } catch (ClassNotFoundException cnfe) {
                errorMessage = cnfe.getMessage();
                return false;
            } catch (NoSuchFieldException nsfe) {
                errorMessage = nsfe.getMessage();
                return false;
            } catch (NoSuchMethodException nsme) {
                errorMessage = nsme.getMessage();
                return false;
            } catch (SecurityException se) {
                errorMessage = se.getMessage();
                return false;
            } catch (IllegalAccessException iae) {
                errorMessage = iae.getMessage();
                return false;
            }
            break;
        case MRJ_3_0:
            try {
                Class linker = Class.forName("com.apple.mrj.jdirect.Linker");
                Constructor constructor = linker.getConstructor
                    (new Class[]{ Class.class });
                linkage = constructor.newInstance(new Object[]
                    { BrowserLauncher.class });
            } catch (ClassNotFoundException cnfe) {
                errorMessage = cnfe.getMessage();
                return false;
            } catch (NoSuchMethodException nsme) {
                errorMessage = nsme.getMessage();
                return false;
            } catch (InvocationTargetException ite) {
                errorMessage = ite.getMessage();
                return false;
            } catch (InstantiationException ie) {
                errorMessage = ie.getMessage();
                return false;
            } catch (IllegalAccessException iae) {
                errorMessage = iae.getMessage();
                return false;
            }
            break;
        case MRJ_3_1:
            try {
                mrjFileUtilsClass = Class.forName("com.apple.mrj.MRJFileUtils");
                openURL = mrjFileUtilsClass.getDeclaredMethod
                    ("openURL", new Class[] { String.class });
            } catch (ClassNotFoundException cnfe) {
                errorMessage = cnfe.getMessage();
                return false;
            } catch (NoSuchMethodException nsme) {
                errorMessage = nsme.getMessage();
                return false;
            }
            break;
        default:
            break;
        }
        return true;
    }

    /** Attempts to locate the default web browser on the local
     * system.  Caches results so it only locates the browser once *
     * for each use of this class per JVM instance.
     * @return The browser for the system.  Note that this may not be
     * what you would consider to be a standard web browser; instead,
     * it's the application that gets called to open the default web
     * browser.  In some cases, this will be a non-String object that
     * provides the means of calling the default browser. */
    private static Object locateBrowser() {
        if (browser != null) {
            return browser;
        }
        switch (jvm) {
        case MRJ_2_0:
            try {
                Integer finderCreatorCode = (Integer) makeOSType.invoke
                    (null, new Object[] { FINDER_CREATOR });
                Object aeTarget = aeTargetConstructor.newInstance
                    (new Object[] { finderCreatorCode });
                Integer gurlType = (Integer) makeOSType.invoke
                    (null, new Object[] { GURL_EVENT });
                Object appleEvent = appleEventConstructor.newInstance
                    (new Object[] { gurlType, gurlType, aeTarget,
                                    kAutoGenerateReturnID, kAnyTransactionID });
                // Don't set browser = appleEvent because then the
                // next time we call locateBrowser(), we'll get the
                // same AppleEvent, to which we'll already have added
                // the relevant parameter. Instead, regenerate the
                // AppleEvent every time.  There's probably a way to
                // do this better; if any has any ideas, please let me
                // know.
                return appleEvent;
            } catch (IllegalAccessException iae) {
                browser = null;
                errorMessage = iae.getMessage();
                return browser;
            } catch (InstantiationException ie) {
                browser = null;
                errorMessage = ie.getMessage();
                return browser;
            } catch (InvocationTargetException ite) {
                browser = null;
                errorMessage = ite.getMessage();
                return browser;
            }
        case MRJ_2_1:
            File systemFolder;
            try {
                systemFolder = (File) findFolder.invoke(null, new Object[]
                    { kSystemFolderType });
            } catch (IllegalArgumentException iare) {
                browser = null;
                errorMessage = iare.getMessage();
                return browser;
            } catch (IllegalAccessException iae) {
                browser = null;
                errorMessage = iae.getMessage();
                return browser;
            } catch (InvocationTargetException ite) {
                browser = null;
                errorMessage = ite.getTargetException().getClass() + ": " +
                    ite.getTargetException().getMessage();
                return browser;
            }
            String[] systemFolderFiles = systemFolder.list();
            // Avoid a FilenameFilter because that can't be stopped mid-list
            for(int i = 0; i < systemFolderFiles.length; i++) {
                try {
                    File file = new File(systemFolder, systemFolderFiles[i]);
                    if (!file.isFile()) {
                        continue;
                    }
                    // We're looking for a file with a creator code of
                    // 'MACS' and a type of 'FNDR'.  Only requiring
                    // the type results in non-Finder applications
                    // being picked up on certain Mac OS 9 systems,
                    // especially German ones, and sending a GURL
                    // event to those applications results in a logout
                    // under Multiple Users.
                    Object fileType = getFileType.invoke
                        (null, new Object[] { file });
                    if (FINDER_TYPE.equals(fileType.toString())) {
                        Object fileCreator = getFileCreator.invoke
                            (null, new Object[] { file });
                        if (FINDER_CREATOR.equals(fileCreator.toString())) {
                            browser = file.toString(); // Actually the
                            // Finder, but that's OK
                            return browser;
                        }
                    }
                } catch (IllegalArgumentException iare) {
                    //WTF? browser = browser;
                    errorMessage = iare.getMessage();
                    return null;
                } catch (IllegalAccessException iae) {
                    browser = null;
                    errorMessage = iae.getMessage();
                    return browser;
                } catch (InvocationTargetException ite) {
                    browser = null;
                    errorMessage = ite.getTargetException().getClass() + ": "
                        + ite.getTargetException().getMessage();
                    return browser;
                }
            }
            browser = null;
            break;
        case MRJ_3_0:
        case MRJ_3_1:
            browser = "";	// Return something non-null
            break;
        case WINDOWS_NT:
            browser = "cmd.exe";
            break;
        case WINDOWS_9x:
            browser = "command.com";
            break;
        case OTHER:
        default:
            browser = "netscape";
            break;
        }
        return browser;
    }

    /** Attempts to open the default web browser to the given URL.
     * @param url The URL to open
     * @throws IOException If the web browser could not be located or
     * does not run */
    public static void openURL(String url) throws IOException {
        if (!loadedWithoutErrors) {
            throw new IOException("Exception in finding browser: "
                                  + errorMessage);
        }
        Object browser = locateBrowser();
        if (browser == null) {
            throw new IOException("Unable to locate browser: " + errorMessage);
        }

        switch (jvm) {
        case MRJ_2_0:
            Object aeDesc = null;
            try {
                aeDesc = aeDescConstructor.newInstance(new Object[] { url });
                putParameter.invoke(browser, new Object[]
                    { keyDirectObject, aeDesc });
                sendNoReply.invoke(browser, new Object[] { });
            } catch (InvocationTargetException ite) {
                throw new IOException("InvocationTargetException while creating"
                                      +" AEDesc: " + ite.getMessage());
            } catch (IllegalAccessException iae) {
                throw new IOException("IllegalAccessException while building "
                                      + "AppleEvent: " + iae.getMessage());
            } catch (InstantiationException ie) {
                throw new IOException("InstantiationException while creating "
                                      + "AEDesc: " + ie.getMessage());
            } finally {
                aeDesc = null; // Encourage it to get disposed if it
                // was created
                browser = null;	// Ditto
            }
            break;
        case MRJ_2_1:
            Runtime.getRuntime().exec(new String[] { (String) browser, url } );
            break;
        case MRJ_3_0:
            int[] instance = new int[1];
            int result = ICStart(instance, 0);
            if (result == 0) {
                int[] selectionStart = new int[] { 0 };
                byte[] urlBytes = url.getBytes();
                int[] selectionEnd = new int[] { urlBytes.length };
                result = ICLaunchURL(instance[0], new byte[] { 0 }, urlBytes,
                urlBytes.length, selectionStart,
                selectionEnd);
                if (result == 0) {
                    // Ignore the return value; the URL was launched
                    // successfully regardless of what happens here.
                    ICStop(instance);
                } else {
                    throw new IOException("Unable to launch URL: " + result);
                }
            } else {
                throw new IOException("Unable to create an Internet Config "
                                      + "instance: " + result);
            }
            break;
        case MRJ_3_1:
            try {
                openURL.invoke(null, new Object[] { url });
            } catch (InvocationTargetException ite) {
                throw new IOException("InvocationTargetException while calling "
                                      + "openURL: " + ite.getMessage());
            } catch (IllegalAccessException iae) {
                throw new IOException("IllegalAccessException while calling "
                                      + "openURL: " + iae.getMessage());
            }
            break;
        case WINDOWS_NT:
            // Add quotes around the URL to allow ampersands and other special
            // characters to work.
            Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(new String[]
                { (String) browser, FIRST_WINDOWS_PARAMETER,
                  SECOND_WINDOWS_PARAMETER, THIRD_WINDOWS_PARAMETER,
                  '"' + url + '"' });
            // This avoids a memory leak on some versions of Java on
            // Windows.  That's hinted at in
            // <http://developer.java.sun.com/developer/qow/archive/68/>.
            try {
                process.waitFor();
                process.exitValue();
            } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
                throw new IOException("InterruptedException while launching "
                                      + "browser: " + ie.getMessage());
            }
            break;
        case WINDOWS_9x:
            // Add quotes around the URL to allow ampersands and other special
            // characters to work.
            // Note: windows 98 doesn't expect the THIRD_WINDOWS_PARAMETER for
            // its title.
            process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(new String[]
                { (String) browser, FIRST_WINDOWS_PARAMETER,
                  SECOND_WINDOWS_PARAMETER, '"' + url + '"' });
            // This avoids a memory leak on some versions of Java on
            // Windows.  That's hinted at in
            // <http://developer.java.sun.com/developer/qow/archive/68/>.
            try {
                process.waitFor();
                process.exitValue();
            } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
                throw new IOException("InterruptedException while launching "
                                      + "browser: " + ie.getMessage());
            }
            break;
        case OTHER:
            // Assume that we're on Unix and that Netscape is installed

            // First, attempt to open the URL in a currently running
            // session of Netscape
            process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(new String[]
                {(String)browser, NETSCAPE_REMOTE_PARAMETER,
                 NETSCAPE_OPEN_PARAMETER_START + url +
                 NETSCAPE_OPEN_PARAMETER_END });
            try {
                int exitCode = process.waitFor();
                if (exitCode != 0) {	// if the command had an error
                    Runtime.getRuntime().exec(new String[]
                        { (String) browser, url } );
                } else if(process.getErrorStream() != null) {
                    // Netscape may not be open, so the command may not have an
                    // error, it just wouldn't have a process to attach to...
                    BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader
                        (new InputStreamReader(process.getErrorStream()));
                    String errorStr = reader.readLine();

                    if (  errorStr != null ) {
                        // Command failed, start up the browser
                        process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(new String[] {
                            (String) browser, url });
                    }
                }
            } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
                throw new IOException("InterruptedException while launching "
                                      + "browser: " + ie.getMessage());
            }
            break;
        default:
            // This should never occur, but if it does, we'll try the
            // simplest thing possible
            Runtime.getRuntime().exec(new String[] { (String) browser, url });
            break;
        }
    }

    /** Methods required for Mac OS X.  The presence of native methods
     * does not cause any problems on other platforms.  */
    private native static int ICStart(int[] instance, int signature);
    private native static int ICStop(int[] instance);
    private native static int ICLaunchURL
        (int instance, byte[] hint, byte[] data, int len, int[] selectionStart,
         int[] selectionEnd);
}